ESR AR 2019 EN

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 31 December 2019 158 Focused 2.4 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Foreign currencies (continued) In determining the exchange rate on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income on the derecognition of a non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability relating to an advance consideration, the date of initial transaction is the date on which the Group initially recognises the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the advance consideration. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, the Group determines the transaction date for each payment or receipt of the advance consideration. The functional currencies of certain overseas subsidiaries are currencies other than USD. As at 31 December 2019, the assets and liabilities of these entities were translated into the presentation currency of the Company at the exchange rates prevailing at 31 December 2019 and their statements of profit or loss are translated into USD at the weighted average exchange rates for the year. The resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the exchange fluctuation reserve. On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of other comprehensive income relating to that particular foreign operation is recognised in profit or loss. For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the cash flows of overseas subsidiaries are translated into USD at the exchange rates ruling at the dates of the cash flows. Frequently recurring cash flows of overseas subsidiaries which arise throughout the year are translated into USD at the weighted average exchange rates for the year. 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENT AND ESTIMATES The preparation of the Group’s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and their accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that could require a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of the assets or liabilities affected in the future. Judgement In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made the following judgments, apart from those involving estimations, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements: Operating lease commitments — Group as lessor The Group has entered into commercial property leases on its investment property portfolio. The Group has determined, based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements, that it retains all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of these properties which are leased out on operating leases.