154 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 31 December 2023 2.4 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Financial instruments (continued) Derecognition of financial liabilities A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in profit or loss. Offsetting of financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position comprise cash on hand and at banks, and shortterm highly liquid deposits with a maturity of generally within three months that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash, subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments. For the purpose of the statements of cash flows, cash on hand and at banks, restricted cash, and short-term deposits as defined above, less bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management. Provisions A provision is recognised when a present obligation (legal or constructive) has arisen as a result of a past event and it is probable that a future outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the effect of discounting is material, the amount recognised for a provision is the present value at 31 December 2023 expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation. The increase in the discounted present value amount arising from the passage of time is included in finance costs in profit or loss. STRENGTH IN UNITY
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