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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements31 December 2024162ADVANCING AHEAD3.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENT AND ESTIMATESThe preparation of the Group%u2019s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and their accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that could require a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of the assets or liabilities affected in the future.JudgementIn the process of applying the Group%u2019s accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, apart from those involving estimations, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:Operating lease commitments %u2013 Group as lessorThe Group has entered into commercial property leases on its investment property portfolio. The Group has determined, based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements, that it retains all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of these properties which are leased out on operating leases.Deferred tax liabilities for withholding taxPursuant to China Corporate Income Tax Law, a 10% withholding tax is levied on dividends declared to foreign investors from the foreign investment enterprises established in China (a lower withholding tax rate may be applied if there is a tax treaty between China and the jurisdiction of the foreign investors). As at 31 December 2024 and 2023, no deferred tax has been recognised for withholding taxes that would be payable on the unremitted earnings that are subject to withholding taxes of the Group%u2019s subsidiaries and joint ventures established in China. No deferred taxation has been provided for the distributable retained profits of approximately US$26,313,000 as at 31 December2024(2023:US$48,768,000),whichwerederivedfromChinasubsidiariesastheGroupisabletocontrolthe timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.Whether the presumption that investment properties stated at fair value are recovered through sale or use in determining deferred taxAs of 31 December 2024, deferred tax liabilities amounting to US$128,905,000 (2023: US$228,695,000) has been provided for the revaluation of investment properties. The Group determines that these deferred tax liabilities are recognised based on the presumption that the investment properties stated at fair value are recovered through use rather than sale. Further details are given in note 29.